Urine formation in nephron. Urinary system 2019-01-06

The function of the nephron and the formation of urine

The difference is that it requires specific membrane receptors or channel proteins for movement. After water and other substances leave the surface of the renal tubule, they are reabsorbed by the capillaries, into the bloodstream. Regulation of urine volume and osmolarity are major functions of the collecting ducts. The net result of this countercurrent multiplier system is to recover both water and Na + in the circulation. Almost 100 percent of glucose, amino acids, and other organic substances such as vitamins are normally recovered here. In this process, water and solutes are driven through the epithelial cells that line the tubule into the extracellular space.

Urine Formation

The urine passes into the collecting duct, which joins with the minor calyx, major calyx, and eventually the renal pelvis. If these large molecules are present in the filtrate, it is an indication of a problem in the filtration process. Simple diffusion moves a substance from a higher to a lower concentration down its concentration gradient. These nephrons have long loop of Henle that traverses deep in the medulla. A principal cell possesses channels for the recovery or loss of sodium and potassium.

Urine Formation

A is a urologic disease that can cause urinary retention. This exchange is yet another means by which the body can buffer and excrete acid. . Reabsorption in the Loop of Henle The loop of Henle consists of two sections: thick and thin descending and thin and thick ascending sections. As Na + is pumped from the forming urine, water is passively recaptured for the circulation; this preservation of vascular volume is critically important for the maintenance of a normal blood pressure.

What is the path of urine through the urinary system?

Its job is to prevent plasma proteins from being filtered out of the bloodstream. Urine is mainly composed of water that has not been reabsorbed, which is the way in which the body lowers blood volume, by increasing the amount of water that becomes urine instead of becoming reabsorbed. Useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood. They wrap around the capillaries, but leave slits between them, known as filtration slits. The movement of many positively charged ions also creates an electrochemical gradient. The descending and ascending loop and vasa recta form a countercurrent multiplier system to increase Na + concentration in the kidney medulla.

Urine Formation

The glomerular filtrate then enters the nephron and travels through it. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology: Neuroactive Proteins and Peptides 3rd ed. Most of the Ca ++, Na +, glucose, and amino acids must be reabsorbed by the nephron to maintain homeostatic plasma concentrations. All matters concerning physical health should be supervised by a health practitioner knowledgeable in treating that particular condition. Tubular Secretion Some of the substances especially poisons and drugs are actively transported from the peritubular capillaries into the lumen of the nephron.

What is the path of urine through the urinary system?

The body sometimes needs to send things on the express route to excretion. The glucose molecule then diffuses across the basal membrane by facilitated diffusion into the interstitial space and from there into peritubular capillaries. These binding proteins are also important for the movement of calcium inside the cell and aid in exocytosis of calcium across the basolateral membrane. Juxtamedullary nephrons have loops that extend variable distances, some very deep into the medulla. The basal surface of the cell faces the connective tissue base to which the cell attaches basement membrane or the cell membrane closer to the basement membrane if there is a stratified layer of cells.

Physiology of the Kidneys

As it leaves the Loop of Henle, it enters the distal tubule, where secretion occurs. It is, therefore, important that blood consistently has the correct chemical composition and is free of wastes and toxins, which can be dangerous to the body. Second, a rapid flow would remove too much Na + and urea, destroying the osmolar gradient that is necessary for the recovery of solutes and water. Creatinine is neither reabsorbed from nor secreted into nephron after filtration. Urine formation is essential for maintaining Homeostasis ho-me-oh-stay-sis , which is the ability of the body to maintain internal stability. If the blood becomes hyperosmotic, the collecting ducts recover more water to dilute the blood; if the blood becomes hyposmotic, the collecting ducts recover less of the water, leading to concentration of the blood.

25.6 Tubular Reabsorption

As it moves along the collecting tubule it become more and more concentrated. Urothelium covers most of the urinary system, including the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. At the same time that Na + is actively pumped from the basal side of the cell into the interstitial fluid, Cl — follows the Na + from the lumen into the interstitial fluid by a paracellular route between cells through leaky tight junctions. As Na moves out K+ moves in is secreted. Instead, they are added, or secreted, directly from the blood vessel into the almost fully formed urine in the distal tubule. If it is too low, fluid flows too slowly through the tubules and wastes that should be eliminated are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Water is reabsorbed here by osmosis.